2.2 The internet
关键术语(Key terms)
为了培养使用英文进行表达的能力，并能将思路转化为英文术语，我们对以下术语进行了本地化翻译：
注：加粗部分是比较违反直觉的翻译。
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Internet | Massive network of networks, made up of computers and other electronic devices; uses TCP/IP communication protocals. 互联网：由计算机和其他电子设备组成的庞大网络。使用 TCP/IP 通信协议。 |
| World Wide Web (WWW) | Collection of multimedia web pages sotred on a website, which uses the internet to access information from servers and other computers. 万维网（WWW）：存储在网站上的多媒体网页的集合，该网站使用互联网从服务器和其他计算机获取信息。 |
| HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML) | Used to design web pages and to write http/https protocols, for example. 超文本标记语言（HTML）：例如，用于设计网页和编写 http/https 协议。 |
| Uniform resource locator (URL) | specifies location of a web page (for example, www.hoddereducation.co.uk). 统一资源定位符（URL）：用于标识网页位置的字符序列。 |
| Web browser | Software that connects to DNS to locate IP addresses; interprets web pages sent to a user's computer so that documents and multimedia can be read or watched/listened to. 网页浏览器：一种连接到DNS以查找IP地址的软件；解释发送到用户计算机上的网页，以便用户可以阅读或观看/收听文档和多媒体内容。 |
| Internet service provider (ISP) | Company which allows a user to connect to the internet. They will usually charge a monthly fee for the service they provide. 互联网服务提供商（ISP）：提供互联网连接服务的公司，通常会收取用户每月的费用。 |
| Public switched telephone network (PSTN) | Network used by traditional telephone when making calls or when sending faxes. 公共交换电话网络：传统电话在打电话或发传真时使用的网络。 |
| Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) | Converts voice and webcam images into digital packages to be sent over the internet. 基于互联网协议的语音传输（VoIP）：将声音和网络摄像头图像转换为数字包，通过互联网发送。 |
| Internet protocol (IP) | Uses IPv4 or IPv6 to give addresses to devices connected to the internet. 互联网协议（IP）：使用 IPv4 或 IPv6 为连接到互联网的设备提供地址。 |
| IPv4 | IP address format which uses 32bits, such as 200.21.100.6. 第四版互联网通信协议：一种使用32比特的IP地址格式。例如200.21.100.6。 |
| Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) | Increases IPv4 flexibility by adding a suffix to the IP address, such as 200.21.100.6/18 无类别域间路由（CIDR）：通过给 IP 地址添加后缀来增加IPv4的灵活性。例如 200.21.100.6/18 |
| IPv6 | Newer IP address format which uses 128bits, such as A8F0:7FFF:F0F1:F000:3DD0:256A:22FF:AA00. 第六版互联网通信协议：新的 IP 地址格式，使用 128 位。如A8F0:7FFF:F0F1:F000:3DD0:256A:22FF:AA00 |
| Zero compression | Way of reducing the length of an IPv6 address by replacing groups of zeroes by a double colon(::); this can only be applied once to an address to avoid ambiguity. 零压缩法：一种用双冒号 (::) 替换一组数字零来减少 IPv6 地址长度的方式。为了避免歧义，这个地址只能使用一次. |
| Sub-netting | Practice of dividing networks into two or more sub-networks. 子网划分：一种把网络划分为两个及以上子网的做法。 |
| Private IP address | An IP address reserved for internal network use behind a router. 私有 IP 地址：为路由器后方的内部网络使用保留的IP地址。 |
| Public IP address | An IP address allocated by the user's ISP to identify the location of their device on the internet. 公有 IP 地址：由用户的 ISP 分配，用于标识其设备在互联网上位置的IP地址。 |
| Domain name service (DNS) | Gives domain names for internet hosts and is a system for finding IP addresses of a domain name. 域名服务（DNS）：为互联网主机提供域名，是一种用于解析域名对应 IP 地址的系统。 |
| JavaScript | Object-orientated (or scripting) programming language used mainly on the web to enhance HTML pages. JavaScript：面向对象（或脚本式）的编程语言，主要用于网页上增强 HTML 页面功能。 |
| PHP | Hypertext processor; an HTML-embedded scripting language used to write web pages. PHP：超文本处理器。一种嵌入 HTML 的脚本语言，用于编写网页。 |
2.2.1 The differences between the internet and the World Wide Web（互联网和万维网的异同）
要点：
作者：张业浩 创建时间：2024-08-24 15:24
最后编辑：张业浩 更新时间：2025-01-14 19:17
最后编辑：张业浩 更新时间：2025-01-14 19:17
